Endocrinology and Metabolism

In Kyu Lee (Lee IK)

20 Articles

Adrenal gland
Association between the Growth Hormone Receptor Exon 3 Polymorphism and Metabolic Factors in Korean Patients with Acromegaly: Hye Yoon Park, In Ryang Hwang, Jung Bum Seo, Su Won Kim, Hyun Ae Seo, In Kyu Lee, Jung Guk Kim; Endocrinol Metab. 2015;30(3):312-317. Published online January 5, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2015.30.3.312

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Background

This study investigated the association between the frequency of growth hormone receptor (GHR) exon 3 polymorphism (exon 3 deletion; d3-GHR) and metabolic factors in patients with acromegaly in Korea.

Methods

DNA was extracted from the peripheral blood of 30 unrelated patients with acromegaly. GHR genotypes were evaluated by polymerase chain reaction and correlated with demographic data and laboratory parameters.

Results

No patient had the d3/d3 genotype, while four (13.3%) had the d3/fl genotype, and 26 (86.7%) had the fl/fl genotype. Body mass index (BMI) in patients with the d3/fl genotype was significantly higher than in those with the fl/fl genotype (P=0.001). Age, gender, blood pressure, insulin-like growth factor-1, growth hormone, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels showed no significant differences between the two genotypes.

Conclusion

The d3-GHR polymorphism may be associated with high BMI but not with other demographic characteristics or laboratory parameters.

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The Exon 3-Deleted Growth Hormone Receptor (d3GHR) Polymorphism—A Favorable Backdoor Mechanism for the GHR Function
Ghadeer Falah, Lital Sharvit, Gil Atzmon
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2023; 24(18): 13908. CrossRef
Gender Specificity and Local Socioeconomic Influence on Association of GHR fl/d3 Polymorphism With Growth and Metabolism in Children and Adolescents
Xiaotian Chen, Chunlan Liu, Song Yang, Yaming Yang, Yanchun Chen, Xianghai Zhao, Weiguang Zhu, Qihui Zhao, Chuan Ni, Xiangyuan Huang, Weili Yan, Chong Shen, Harvest F. Gu
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Exon 3-deleted growth hormone receptor isoform is not related to worse bone mineral density or microarchitecture or to increased fracture risk in acromegaly
J. Pontes, M. Madeira, C. H. A. Lima, L. L. Ogino, F. de Paula Paranhos Neto, L. M. C. de Mendonça, M. L. F. Farias, L. Kasuki, M. R. Gadelha
Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.2020; 43(2): 163. CrossRef
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Lessons from growth hormone receptor gene-disrupted mice: are there benefits of endocrine defects?
Reetobrata Basu, Yanrong Qian, John J Kopchick
European Journal of Endocrinology.2018; 178(5): R155. CrossRef
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Clinical and pharmacogenetic aspects of the growth hormone receptor polymorphism
Cesar L Boguszewski, Edna J L Barbosa, Per-Arne Svensson, Gudmundur Johannsson, Camilla A M Glad
European Journal of Endocrinology.2017; 177(6): R309. CrossRef

Adrenal gland
Clinical Characteristics for 348 Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma: Jongho Kim, Kwi Hyun Bae, Yeon Kyung Choi, Ji Yun Jeong, Keun Gyu Park, Jung Guk Kim, In Kyu Lee; Endocrinol Metab. 2013;28(1):20-25. Published online March 25, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/EnM.2013.28.1.20

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Abstract PDF PubReader

Background

Adrenal incidentaloma is an adrenal neoplasm frequently encountered in clinical practice for which detection rates have recently increased. We describe here the clinical characteristics of adrenal incidentalomas.

Methods

A retrospective study was performed examining the age, sex, location, size, function, and the histological findings for 348 patients with an adrenal mass discovered incidentally on computed tomography (CT) undertaken for health examination or nonadrenal disease from August 2005 to May 2012.

Results

Patients consisted of 156 males (44.8%) and 192 females (55.2%), aged between 20 and 86. Adrenal masses were most commonly found in patients in their sixth decade (32.5%). Regarding the location of the masses, 62.0% were found in the left adrenal gland, 30.2% were found in the right, and 7.8% were found bilaterally. Of all of the masses analyzed, 87.1% were 1 to 4 cm in size, and an adenoma-like appearance was the most common finding (75.3%) seen on CT scans. Hormonal analysis showed that 82.2% of the masses were nonfunctioning, 6.0% were diagnosed as subclinical Cushing's syndrome, 4.6% were aldosterone-producing adenomas, and 7.2% were pheochromocytomas. Adrenalectomy was performed in a total of 69 patients having adenoma (50.7%), pheochromocytoma (24.6%), and carcinoma (4.3%).

Conclusion

The characteristics of benign, malignant, nonfunctional, and functional adrenal masses that were incidentally found at our hospital were similar to those presented in other studies.

Citations

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Impact of Size Thresholds on the Diagnosis of Incidental Adrenal Lesions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Mitchell P. Wilson, Shubreet Randhawa, Bo Bao, Roger Croutze, Mohammad H. Murad, Matthew D.F. McInnes, Gavin Low
Journal of the American College of Radiology.2024; 21(1): 107. CrossRef
Quantitative analysis of catecholamines and their metabolites in 491 patients with adrenal tumors: a retrospective single-center cohort study
Hao-Long Zeng, Xu Wang, Hui-Jun Li, Qing Yang
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(8): 4979. CrossRef
Biochemical Assessment of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Graeme Eisenhofer, Christina Pamporaki, Jacques W M Lenders
Endocrine Reviews.2023; 44(5): 862. CrossRef
Primary Aldosteronism Prevalence – An Unfolding Story
Suranut Charoensri, Adina F. Turcu
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes.2023; 131(07/08): 394. CrossRef
Could the presence of adrenal incidentaloma negatively affect COVID 19 outcomes?
Metin Guclu, Bilal Burcak Aslan, Tirdad Setayeshi, Sinem Kiyici
Endocrine.2023; 82(2): 406. CrossRef
Landscape of Adrenal Tumours in Patients with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia
Mara Carsote, Ana-Maria Gheorghe, Claudiu Nistor, Alexandra-Ioana Trandafir, Oana-Claudia Sima, Anca-Pati Cucu, Adrian Ciuche, Eugenia Petrova, Adina Ghemigian
Biomedicines.2023; 11(11): 3081. CrossRef
CT-based Abdominal Adipose Tissue Area Changes in Patients Undergoing Adrenalectomy Due to Cushing’s Syndrome and Non-functioning Adenomas
Elif Gündoğdu, Emre Emekli
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes.2022; 130(06): 368. CrossRef
The Etiological Profile of Adrenal Incidentalomas
Fatima-Zahra Lahmamssi, Loubna Saadaoui, Hayat Aynaou, Houda Salhi, Hanan El Ouahabi
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics and Follow-Up Results of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Nusret Yilmaz, Esin Avsar, Gokhan Tazegul, Ramazan Sari, Hasan Altunbas, Mustafa Kemal Balci
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes.2021; 129(05): 349. CrossRef
A case of adrenocortical adenoma harboring venous thrombus mimicking adrenal malignancy
Agena Suzuki, Yuji Kamata, Tomomi Taguchi, Koji Takano, Yuto Yamazaki, Hironobu Sasano, Masayoshi Shichiri
Endocrine Journal.2021; 68(7): 857. CrossRef
Adrenal adenomas: what to do with them? Review 2
S. Rybakov
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY (Ukraine).2021; 17(3): 241. CrossRef
A Brief Overview of the Epidemiology of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma in Korea
Yun Mi Choi
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2020; 35(1): 95. CrossRef
Adrenal Incidentalomas are Tied to Increased Risk of Diabetes: Findings from a Prospective Study
Giuseppe Reimondo, Elena Castellano, Maurizio Grosso, Roberto Priotto, Soraya Puglisi, Anna Pia, Micaela Pellegrino, Giorgio Borretta, Massimo Terzolo
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.2020; 105(4): e973. CrossRef
Adrenal İnsidentaloma ve Otonom Kortizol Sekresyonu Vakalarının İzlemi: 14 Yıllık Tek Merkez Çalışması- Retrospektif Kohort
Nazlı Gülsoy KIRNAP, Sanem ÖZTEKİN, Neslihan Başçıl TÜTÜNCÜ
Dicle Tıp Dergisi.2020; 47(1): 154. CrossRef
Comparison between the clinical characteristics of patients with adrenal incidentalomas and those with hypertension-associated adrenal tumors in a single center in Japan
Mari Aoe, Akira Okada, Tomoko Usui, Katsunori Manaka, Masaomi Nangaku, Noriko Makita
Endocrine Journal.2020; 67(6): 645. CrossRef
Clinical outcomes of primary aldosteronism based on lateralization index and contralateral suppression index after adrenal venous sampling in real-world practice: a retrospective cohort study
Jeongmin Lee, Borami Kang, Jeonghoon Ha, Min-Hee Kim, Byungil Choi, Tae-Ho Hong, Moo IL Kang, Dong-Jun Lim
BMC Endocrine Disorders.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Adrenal Incidentaloma
Mark Sherlock, Andrew Scarsbrook, Afroze Abbas, Sheila Fraser, Padiporn Limumpornpetch, Rosemary Dineen, Paul M Stewart
Endocrine Reviews.2020; 41(6): 775. CrossRef
Presentation and outcome of patients with an adrenal mass: A retrospective observational study
Nadeema Rafiq, Tauseef Nabi, SajadAhmad Dar, Shahnawaz Rasool
Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal.2020; 9(5): 198. CrossRef
Enfoque diagnóstico de feocromocitomas y paragangliomas
R.M. Gómez, M. Hernaiz, V. de Miguel, L.S. Aparicio, M.J. Marín, S. Lupi, M. Barontini
Hipertensión y Riesgo Vascular.2019; 36(1): 34. CrossRef
Accuracy of new recommendations for adrenal incidentalomas in the evaluation of excessive cortisol secretion and follow‐up
Ana Ruiz, Theodora Michalopoulou, Ana Megia, Silvia Näf, Inmaculada Simón‐Muela, Esther Solano, Laia Martínez, Joan Vendrell
European Journal of Clinical Investigation.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Lateralizing Asymmetry of Adrenal Imaging and Adrenal Vein Sampling in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Norio Wada, Yui Shibayama, Takashi Yoneda, Takuyuki Katabami, Isao Kurihara, Mika Tsuiki, Takamasa Ichijo, Yoshihiro Ogawa, Junji Kawashima, Masakatsu Sone, Takanobu Yoshimoto, Yuichi Matsuda, Megumi Fujita, Hiroki Kobayashi, Kouichi Tamura, Kohei Kamemur
Journal of the Endocrine Society.2019; 3(7): 1393. CrossRef
Incidentally detected adrenal tumors – characteristics of patients and incidence of hormonal disorders
Iga Grochoła, Mateusz Winder, Krzysztof Kocot, Tomasz Menżyk, Jerzy Wojnar
Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis.2019; 73: 74. CrossRef
Characteristics of Adrenal Incidentalomas in a Large, Prospective Computed Tomography-Based Multicenter Study: The COAR Study in Korea
Seong Hee Ahn, Jae Hyeon Kim, Seung Hee Baek, Hyeonmok Kim, Yoon Young Cho, Sunghwan Suh, Beom-Jun Kim, Seongbin Hong, Jung-Min Koh, Seung Hun Lee, Kee-Ho Song
Yonsei Medical Journal.2018; 59(4): 501. CrossRef
Severe Cushing Syndrome Due to an ACTH-Producing Pheochromocytoma: A Case Presentation and Review of the Literature
Jenan N Gabi, Maali M Milhem, Yara E Tovar, Emhemmid S Karem, Alaa Y Gabi, Rodhan A Khthir
Journal of the Endocrine Society.2018; 2(7): 621. CrossRef
Clinical Investigation of Adrenal Incidentalomas in Japanese Patients of the Fukuoka Region with Updated Diagnostic Criteria for Sub-clinical Cushing's Syndrome
Ichiro Abe, Kaoru Sugimoto, Tetsumasa Miyajima, Tomoko Ide, Midori Minezaki, Kaori Takeshita, Saori Takahara, Midori Nakagawa, Yuki Fujimura, Tadachika Kudo, Shigero Miyajima, Hiroshi Taira, Kenji Ohe, Tatsu Ishii, Toshihiko Yanase, Kunihisa Kobayashi
Internal Medicine.2018; 57(17): 2467. CrossRef
Mortality in Patients with Endogenous Cushing’s Syndrome
Pedram Javanmard, Daisy Duan, Eliza B. Geer
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America.2018; 47(2): 313. CrossRef
The Lateralizing Asymmetry of Adrenal Adenomas
Meng Hao, Diana Lopez, Miguel Angel Luque-Fernandez, Kathryn Cote, Jessica Newfield, Molly Connors, Anand Vaidya
Journal of the Endocrine Society.2018; 2(4): 374. CrossRef
Radiology of the adrenal incidentalomas. Review of the literature
F. A. Farrugia, G. Martikos, C. Surgeon, P. Tzanetis, E. Misiakos, N. Zavras, A. Charalampopoulos
Endocrine Regulations.2017; 51(1): 35. CrossRef
Baseline Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Adrenal Incidentaloma from a Single Center in China: A Survey
Lele Li, Guoqing Yang, Ling Zhao, Jingtao Dou, Weijun Gu, Zhaohui Lv, Juming Lu, Yiming Mu
International Journal of Endocrinology.2017; 2017: 1. CrossRef
Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma: the Korean Endocrine Society, Committee of Clinical Practice Guidelines
Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang-Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae-Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung-Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
The Korean Journal of Medicine.2017; 92(1): 4. CrossRef
Case Report: An incidentaloma that catches your eye - adrenal myelolipoma
Rosanna D'Addosio, Joselyn Rojas, Valmore Bermúdez, Flor Ledesma, Kyle Hoedebecke
F1000Research.2017; 6: 1140. CrossRef
Clinical Guidelines for the Management of Adrenal Incidentaloma
Jung-Min Lee, Mee Kyoung Kim, Seung-Hyun Ko, Jung-Min Koh, Bo-Yeon Kim, Sang Wan Kim, Soo-Kyung Kim, Hae Jin Kim, Ohk-Hyun Ryu, Juri Park, Jung Soo Lim, Seong Yeon Kim, Young Kee Shong, Soon Jib Yoo
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2017; 32(2): 200. CrossRef
PIRMĄ KARTĄ NUSTATYTI ANTINKSČIŲ DARINIAI: 2010 IR 2014 METŲ IŠTYRIMO TAKTIKOS PALYGINIMAS
Lina Ščerbinskaitė, Aušra Bradulskytė, Milda Girdžiūtė, Vilija Guntaitė, Žydrūnė Visockienė
Sveikatos mokslai.2017; 27(2): 60. CrossRef
Clinical significance of screening for subclinical Cushing’s disease in patients with pituitary tumors
Daisuke Tamada, Tetsuhiro Kitamura, Michio Otsuki, Satoru Oshino, Youichi Saitoh, Iichiro Shimomura
Endocrine Journal.2016; 63(1): 47. CrossRef
Evaluación diagnóstica y terapéutica del incidentaloma suprarrenal
Reynaldo M. Gómez, Raul Chervín, Ester M. Pardes, Susana Lupi, María Elena Surraco, Jorge Herrera, León Schurman, Claudio Gonzáles
Revista Argentina de Endocrinología y Metabolismo.2016; 53(2): 51. CrossRef
Clinical and endocrinological characteristics of adrenal incidentaloma in Osaka region, Japan
Yukiko Tabuchi, Michio Otsuki, Soji Kasayama, Keisuke Kosugi, Kunihiko Hashimoto, Tsunehiko Yamamoto, Mamiko Tsugawa, Ikuo Mineo, Yuya Yamada, Shogo Kurebayashi, Makoto Ohashi, Yutaka Umayahara, Haruhiko Kouhara, Tadashi Nakamura, Hideki Taki, Taka-aki Ma
Endocrine Journal.2016; 63(1): 29. CrossRef
Clinicopathological Features Associated With the Prognosis of Patients With Adrenal Cortical Carcinoma
Yun Mi Choi, Hyemi Kwon, Min Ji Jeon, Tae-Yon Sung, Suck Joon Hong, Tae Yong Kim, Won Bae Kim, Young Kee Shong, Jae Lyun Lee, Dong Eun Song, Won Gu Kim
Medicine.2016; 95(21): e3736. CrossRef
Screening for Cushing’s syndrome: Is it worthwhile?
Ilan Shimon
Pituitary.2015; 18(2): 201. CrossRef
Subclinical hypercortisolism in adrenal incidentaloma
Miguel Debono, John Newell-Price
Current Opinion in Endocrinology & Diabetes and Obesity.2015; 22(3): 185. CrossRef
Incidental Adrenal Nodules and Masses: The Imaging Approach
J. Willatt, S. Chong, J. A. Ruma, J. Kuriakose
International Journal of Endocrinology.2015; 2015: 1. CrossRef
Adrenal Incidentalomas
Adriana G. Ioachimescu, Erick M. Remer, Amir H. Hamrahian
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America.2015; 44(2): 335. CrossRef
Brief Review of Articles in 'Endocrinology and Metabolism' in 2013
Won-Young Lee
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(3): 251. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics and Metabolic Features of Patients with Adrenal Incidentalomas with or without Subclinical Cushing's Syndrome
Bo-Yeon Kim, A-Reum Chun, Kyu-Jin Kim, Chan-Hee Jung, Sung Koo Kang, Ji-Oh Mok, Chul-Hee Kim
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2014; 29(4): 457. CrossRef
ADRENAL INCIDENTALOMAS: DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT
E. N. Grineva, L. V. Belousova, I. V. Basek
"Arterial’naya Gipertenziya" ("Arterial Hypertension").2013; 19(6): 532. CrossRef

A Case of Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism with Normal Stature.: Sae Rom Kim, Yun Jeong Doh, Hee Kyung Kim, Seong Su Moon, Ju Young Lee, Jae Han Jeon, Soo Won Kim, Bo Wan Kim, In Kyu Lee, Jung Guk Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2009;24(2):138-143. Published online June 1, 2009; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2009.24.2.138

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Abstract PDF

Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (PPHP) is characterized by the phenotype of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy (AHO) alone without biochemical evidence of multihormone resistance, which is unlike pseudohypoparathyroidism. AHO is associated with characteristic developmental abnormalities that include a short stocky stature, a short neck, brachydactyly, a round face, central obesity, mental retardation and subcutaneous ossifications. AHO is an autosomal dominant disease that's caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the Gsalpha gene (GNAS1). Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) is a hypothalamic Gs-coupled receptor that is thought to mediate the central effect of leptin on satiety. MC4R mutations cause morbid obesity starting in infancy, as well as an elevated leptin level. A 62 year old man with a height of 171.5 cm, a round face, a short neck, central obesity and brachydactyly had normal ranges of serum calcium, phosphorus and PTH and a normal Ellsworth-Howard test. GNAS1 gene analysis revealed substitution of alanine to cysteine in the 165 codon of exon 6 and substitution of alanine to cysteine in the 231 codon of exon 9. Two known SNPs (Cyt-1042Thy, Gua-719Ade) in the MC4R were detected in the patient. We report here on a case of PPHP and the patient had normal stature. We propose that MC4R may have contributed to the obesity & normal stature of this patient.

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Polyglandular Autoimmune Syndrome Type III with Primary Hypoparathyroidism
Sang Jin Kim, Sang-Yoon Kim, Han-Byul Kim, Hyukwon Chang, Ho-Chan Cho
Endocrinology and Metabolism.2013; 28(3): 236. CrossRef

Effects of Alpha-lipoic Acid on SREBP-1c Expression in HepG2 Cells.: Tae Sung Yun, Ae Kyung Min, Nam Kyung Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, Ho Chan Cho, Hye Soon Kim, Jae Seok Hwang, Seong Yeol Ryu, Keun Gyu Park, In Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2008;23(1):27-34. Published online February 1, 2008; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2008.23.1.27

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Abstract PDF

BACKGROUND
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is common in patients with insulin resistance. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is a member of a family of transcription factors that have been recognized as key regulators for lipid accumulation in the liver that activate enzymes involved in the fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. This study was designed to evaluate whether alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) inhibits insulin-stimulated SREBP-1c expression. METHODS: We investigated the effects of ALA on insulin-stimulated SREBP-1c expression in a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2 cells) using Northern and Western blot analysis. We also examined the effect of ALA on the promoter activity of the SREBP-1c gene to examine whether ALA can affect SREBP-1c expression at the transcriptional level. To discern the mechanism by which ALA inhibits SREBP-1c expression, we examined the role of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). RESULTS: Insulin increased the expression of SREBP-1c mRNA and protein in HepG2 cells in a dose depended manner. Co-treatment with ALA inhibited the insulin increased SREBP-1c expression in a dose-dependent manner. ALA also inhibited insulin-stimulated activation of the SREBP-1c promoter activity, indicating that ALA inhibited SREBP-1c expression at the transcriptional level. ALA increased phosphorylation of AMPK in HepG2 cells. Inhibition of the AMPK activity by compound C markedly reversed the inhibitory effects of ALA for insulin-stimulated SREBP-1c expression. These results suggest that ALA-induced suppression of SREBP-1c expression is at least in part mediated via AMPK activation. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests that ALA has an inhibitory effect on insulin-stimulated SREBP-1c expression. Therefore, further studies on the effects of ALA on hepatic steatosis in an animal model need to be performed.

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Effects of an aqueous extract of purple sweet potato on nonalcoholic fatty liver in high fat/cholesterol-fed mice
You Jin Lee, Yoon Kyoung Yang, You Jin Kim, Oran Kwon
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(1): 1. CrossRef
Effects of an aqueous extract of purple sweet potato on nonalcoholic fatty liver in high fat/cholesterol-fed mice
You Jin Lee, Yoon Kyoung Yang, You Jin Kim, Oran Kwon
Journal of Nutrition and Health.2015; 48(1): 1. CrossRef

Retraction: Multi-country Study on the Prevalence and Clinical Features of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Who are at High Risk for Atherosclerosis.: Sang Youl Rhee, Seungjoon Oh, Young Kil Choi, Doo Man Kim, Bong Yun Cha, Hyun Chul Lee, Seung Woo Ha, In Kyu Lee, Tae Sun Park, Min Young Chung, In Joo Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Sung Soo Koong, Kyung Soo Park, Kyung Wan Min, Young Seol Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2007;22(6):478. Published online December 1, 2007; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2007.22.6.478

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Urinary Bladder Pheochromocytoma with a Long Asymptomatic Period.: Soon Hong Park, Jung Eun Lee, Sung Soo Moon, Joo Young Lee, Eui Dal Jung, Jung Guk Kim, In Kyu Lee, Bo Wan Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(5):402-407. Published online October 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.5.402

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Abstract PDF: Pheochromocytoma arises from chromaffin cells of the paraganglionic system. Urinary bladder pheochromocytoma is very rare tumor that accounts for less than 0.06% of all urinary bladder tumors and it is less than 1% of all pheochromocytoma. Urinary bladder pheochromocytoma usually arises from the sympathetic nervous system of the bladder wall. Paroxysmal headache and palpitation precipitated by micturition are common specific symptoms of this tumor. The paroxysm commonly persists or the patients relapse in a few days or months. Herein, we report a case of urinary bladder pheochromocytoma with a long asymptomatic period.

Multi-country Study on the Prevalence and Clinical Features of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Type 2 Diabetic Patients Who are at High Risk for Atherosclerosis.: Sang Youl Rhee, Seungjoon Oh, Young Kil Choi, Doo Man Kim, Bong Yun Cha, Hyun Chul Lee, Seung Woo Ha, In Kyu Lee, Tae Sun Park, Min Young Chung, In Joo Kim, Moon Kyu Lee, Sung Soo Koong, Kyung Soo Park, Kyung Wan Min, Young Seol Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2006;21(4):290-301. Published online August 1, 2006; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3803/jkes.2006.21.4.290

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
PAD-SEARCH (Peripheral Arterial Disease-Screening and Evaluation of diabetic patients in Asian Regions Characterized by High risk factors) is the first international study to investigate the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in Asian type 2 diabetic patients and to demonstrate the relationships between the putative risk factors and PAD in this population. METHODS: A total of 6,625 type 2 diabetic patients (2,873 males and 3,752 females aged 50 and older) were enrolled in PAD-SEARCH in Korea, China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines from October 2003 to March 2004. The Fukuda vascular profile VS-1000(TM) was used to determine the ankle-brachial index (ABI) and the brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). RESULTS: The mean patient age was 63.7 +/- 8.2 years and the mean duration of diabetes was 10.3 +/- 8.0 years. 1,172 (17.7%) subjects were diagnosed as PAD by the ABI (< or = 0.9). Subjects with PAD had a significantly longer duration of diabetes or hypertension, a higher HbA1c level and a significantly lower mean BMI than did the non-PAD subjects. In terms of the lipid profiles, triglyceride was the only significant variable. Notably, the mean ABI and baPWV in the females were significantly poorer than the age matched males for the in subjects with a normal ABI. However, the mean ABI and baPWV in males were significantly poorer than those of the age matched females for the subjects with PAD. On the multivariate analysis, gender, age, BMI, smoking status, duration of diabetes and a previous history of cerebrovascular disease were identified as the independent risk factors of PAD. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that PAD is a common complication in Asian type 2 diabetic patients. Therefore, PAD screening and treatment should be emphasized for Asian diabetic patients with high risk factors.

Role of PGC-1alpha in Metabolism.: In Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2004;19(3):231-239. Published online June 1, 2004

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Association of Polymorphism in beta3-Adrenergic Receptor Gene with Fat Distribution.: Tae Sung Yun, Yong Deuk Kim, Hye Soon Kim, Mi Jung Kim, Young Sung Suh, Jung Hyeok Kwon, Jin Soo Choi, Jung Guk Kim, Sung Woo Ha, Bo Wan Kim, Kyu Chang Won, Hyong Woo Lee, Ho Sang Shon, Ji Hyun Lee, Hyun Dae Yoon, Won Ho Kim, Young Gil Yun, In Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2003;18(2):184-192. Published online April 1, 2003

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Reasons for obesity include environmental factors and, more largely so, genetic factors. There have been many studies on these genetic factors. So far, genes related to obesity such as Leptin, Uncoupling Protein(UCP), Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma(PPAR-gamma), and Beta3-adrener-gic receptor(beta3-AR) gene have been discovered. Among these, beta3-AR is expressed in visceral adipose tissue and is thought to contribute to the regulation of resting metabolic rate and lipolysis. The missense mutation of beta3-AR gene, resulting in replacement of tryptophan by arginine at position 64(Trp64Arg), is associated with decreased resting metabolic rate and weightgain. We performed this study to determine if Trp64Arg polymorphism of beta3-AR gene is associatedwith obesity in Koreans. METHOD: We investigated the relationship between the beta3-AR gene mutation and body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, waist to hip ratio(WHR), area of subcutaneous fat, area of visceral fat, visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio(VSR), and lipid profile. 198 subjects were included in this study of which 97 were of normal weight and 101 were obese. Anthropometric data was obtained from physical examination and medical records. RESULT: In the cases of beta3-AR gene mutation of the obese group, the ratio of Trp/Arg and Arg/Arg are 43% and 5%, respectively, which were higher than the normal group(36%, 1%), although a statistical significant was not found. There was significant difference in the are of subcutaneous fat. Normal group(Trp/Trp) measured at 213.9+/-109.6cm2 versus 244.0+/-127.7cm2 (Trp/Arg) and 323.9+/-189.9cm2(Arg/Arg) for the mutation groups. Circumference of waist, circumference of hip, WHR, area of visceral fat, and VSR were higher in the mutation groups than in normal subject, but not significantly different. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that a genetic mutation in the beta3-AR gene can affect body fat composition, and is associated with obesity in Korean adults.

Adverse Effects of Antiepileptic Drugs on Bone Mineral Density in Women with Epilepsy.: Yong Won Cho, In Kyu Lee, Seung Ho Hur; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2002;17(2):218-225. Published online April 1, 2002

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Osteoporosis or osteopenia has been reported in patients taking antiepileptic drugs, but the precise pathophysiological mechanisms of these abnormalities are unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of antiepileptic drugs on bone mass by analyzing bone mineral density (BMD). METHODS: We compared 62 epileptic women on long-term antiepileptic therapy the same number of age and weight matched healthy control subjects. We measured the serum calcium, phosphorus, protein, alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin for analyzing factors, that have an influence on bone metabolism and BMD. BMD was measured on the lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS: The serum level of calcium and osteocalcin were not different between the groups. The serum level of phosphorus and protein were significantly lower in the patient group compared to their controls. The serum level of alkaline phosphatase was significantly higher in the patient group than in their controls. The BMD was significantly lower in the patient group than in their controls. There was a significant correlation between the BMD and the duration of therapy in the patient group. CONCLUSION: The long-term use of antiepileptic drugs leads to a decreased BMD, and the degree of bone mineral density was related to the duration of the therapeutic use of antiepileptics.

The Effects of Type 1 diabetes on the Metabolism and Density of Bone in Children.: Sang Jun Lee, Dong Wook Lee, Hyun Dae Yoon, Kyu Chang Won, Hyoung Woo Lee, Yoon Jung Cho, Heung Sik Kim, Seung Beom Han, In Kyu Lee, Hee Ja Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(4-5):582-590. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
The effects of type 1 diabetes mellitus on the metabolism and density of bone in children are still controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of type 1 diabetes on markers of bone metaboism and BMD in children by analyzing BMI, HbA1c, biochemical markers, sex hormones, bone metabolism and BMD related factors. MRTHODS: We compared 36 patients (15 males, 21 females) with type 1 diabetes mellitus to 167 healthy children (84 males, 83 females) who lived in Taegu. We measured FBS, serum calcium, phosphorus, HbA1c, osteocalcin, testosterone and estradiol for analyzing the factors which influence on bone metabolism and BMD. BMD was measured at lumbar spine, femur and total body by DEXA. RESULTS: The BMI and serum level of osteocalcin were not different in both groups. Serum calcium level was significantly lower in the diabetic group than that of control group. BMD had no difference in both groups. There was no correlation between BMD and glycemic control (HbA1c) or duration of diabetes. There was good correlation (r=0.78, p<0.01) between serum testosterone level and BMD in male patient group. There was negative correlation (r=-0.4) between serum osteocalcin level and BMD. There was significant correlation (male: r=0.76, female: r=0.66) between lean body mass and BMD in both group. CONCLUSION: The BMD was not decreased significantly and bone turn-over was normal in children with noncomplicated type 1 diabetes mellitus, and BMD was not influenced by the duration or degree of metabolic control of diabetes. But, we need further study including other risk factors that have influences on BMD and bone metabolism in type 1 diabetes mellitu.

The Effect of Sodium Butyrate (SB), Halofuginone Hydrobromide (HH) and High Glucose Concentration on Cell Growth and Gene Expression in Human Aortic Smooth Muscle Cell.: June Ho Park, Sang Jun Lee, Yeo Jun Ki, Young Jung Jeon, Ki Young Kwon, Hong Suk Song, Seung Beom Han, In Kyu Lee, Jung Chul Kim; J Korean Endocr Soc. 2000;15(2):272-285. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation associated with arterial injury causes restenosis, which remains to be resolved in cardiovascular disease, especially after balloon angioplasty. Although numerous factors including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, angiotensin, basic fibroblast growth factor (BFGF), etc are suggested as potent mitogens for VSMCs, other mechanisms are still needed to take into new consideration. Advances in molecular biology have led to the development of powerful methods for the analysis of differential gene expression. There, we clarified the effect of glucose, sodium butyrate and halofuginon hydrobromide on gene expression which play a role in VSMC growth. METHODS: Therefore, we evaluate the changes of gene expression in response to high glucose concentration, sodium butyrate which is an inhibitor of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and halofuginon hydrobromide which is an inhibitor of specific type 1 collagen, using differntial expressed sequence tag (EST) sequencing and cDNA microarray hybridization. Human mammary artery VSMC isolated from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. Cells from passage 3 to 5 were used in experiment with serum-free media with varying conditions. RESULTS: After 6 days of culture, the cells (VSMC) were resuspended with PBS and counted in a hemocytometer, and viable cells were counted using the trypan blue test. VSMC number reached 36?04 cell under high glucose concentration (H/G: 22mM) and 29?04 cell under low glucose concentration(L/G: 5.5 mM) at 6 day of culture (p<0.01). Sodium butyrate(SB) inhibited VSMC growth at varying butyrate concentrations (0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0mM) by 84%, 87%, 94%, 96%, 98%, respectively. Halofuginon hydrobromide(HH) also inhibited VSMC growth at varying halofuginon concentrations (10-11, 10-9, 10-7, 10-5mM) by 15%, 30%, 85%, 100%, respectively. Using a differential EST screening technique to assay the relative level of expression of each of large numbers of cloned cDNA sequences after treatment with high glucose concentration (22mM), sodium butyrate (5 mM), and halofuginon (1microM). Among the total 1,730 cDNA clones, 6 cDNA clones were down-regulated after treatment with sodium butyrate (5mM) and halofuginon (1microM). Those were revealed homology to genes encoding connective tissue growth factor (cTGF), Betaig-H3, nm23-H1 nm23-H2, enigma and copine 1. On the contrary, four clones were up-regulated after treatment with high glucose concentration (22mM). Those clones (BO94-5, K1316-5, K1764-5, B1835-5) didn't match any sequence in the public data base. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that this EST analysis is useful technique in targeting genes which are associated with atherosclerosis in VSMC. These identified clones may be used to assist in the positional cloning of genes which are related with atherosclerosis.

Prevalence of Autoimmune Thyroid Disease and Correlation Between Thyroid Autoantibody and Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody in Myasthenia Gravis Patients.: In Kyu Lee, Sung Rae Cho, Chan Kyu Park, Sung Jin Nam, Choo Sung Kim, Seung Yub Han, Jung Geun Lim, Sang Do Lee, Young Chun Park; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1997;12(4):550-556. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: BACKGROUND
There were several reports that thyroid autoimrnune disease commonly found in myasthenia gravis patients. We performed this study to determine the prevalence of thyroid autoimmune disease as well as analyze correlation between acetylcholine receptor antibody and various thyroid autoantibadies among the myasthenia gravis patients in Korea. METHOD: The patient group, 48 patients, diagnosed as myasthenia gravis from January 1985 to December 1995 at the department of Neurology, Internal medicine at Dongsan Medical Center was compaired to the control group, 40 patients, with no age and sex difference from the patient group. The samples were collected from both group for the measure of the values of acetylcholine receptor antibody, thyroid autoantibody and thyroid hormones. RESULT: 1) The values of acetylcholine receptor antibody in myasthenia gravis group and control group were 5.78+-0.7nM and 0.05+-0.06nM respectively. Of 48 patients with myasthenia gravis, 38 patients have been measured acetylcholine receptor antibody value > 0.5nM, Their mean average value was 7.24+-0.66nM. 2) The severe myasthenia gravis group with value of acetylcholine receptor antibody 0.5nM and severe myasthenia gravis group with value of acetylcholine receptor antibody 0.5nM showed thyroglobulin antibody value of 159.6+-79.91IU/mL versus 56.86+-32.99IU/mL. also thyroid microsomal antibody value showed 159.0+-79.9IU/mL and 23.633+-0.19IU/mL respectively. 3) Of 48 myasthenia gravis patients, 12 patients (24%) had high value of antithyroglobulin antibody or anti-microsomal antibody and 5 patients (10%) had both antibodies at the same times. In contrast, only 3 patients (8%) were observed with high value of either one of antibodies. Patient with both antibodies was not observed in normal control group. CONCLUSION: According to the datas we have obtained, appearence of the thyroid autoantibody is significantly greater in severe myasthenia gravis group than normal control group. Therefore it is suggested that the prevalence of thyroid autoimmune disease is higher in severe myasthenia gravis group than mild myasthenia gravis group or normal control group.

Relationships Among Pubertal Development, Anthropometric Measurement, Bone Mineral Density in Males and Females 7-23 Years of Age.: Hee Ja Lee, In Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1996;11(4):455-467. Published online November 7, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Background
Maximizing peak bone mass is advocated as a way to prevent osteoporosis. As a prerequisite to the elaboration of any preventive program aimed at rnaximizing peak bone mass, it is important to determine how the rate of skeletal growth at elinically relevant sites, such as lumbar spine(LS), femoral neck(FN), proceeds in relation to age and pubertal stages in both sexes. The present study was performed to measure bone mineral density(BMD) of Korean children and adolescents and to assess the influence of age, sex, puberty and body size on bone mineral density (BMD) during the period of bone growth. Method: Lumbar spine(LS), femoral neck(FN) BMD were measured in 199 healthy males and fernales 7~23 years of age using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry(DEXA), Tanner staging(TS) was used to assess stage of puberty. Results: Anthropometric measurements generally increased with tanner stage in both sexes. Sex differences were observed. In males, compared to females there were significantly higher in height(TS1, TS3, TS4, TS5), weight(TS1, TS3, TS5), dorsal hand skinfold thickness(TS1, TS5), and lean body mass(TS1, TS3, TS4, TS5): while in females, compared to males there were significantly higher in BMI(TS4), skinfold thickness except dorsal hand and fat %(TS3-TS5), and total fat mass(TS3, TS4)(p

Analysis of Cytokine Gene Expression in Thyroid Aspirates and Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell and in vitro Production of Interferon - Gamma by Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell Culture.: Sung Rae Cho, Keun Yong Park, Young June Jeon, Hong Suk Song, Ki Young Kwon, Yun Nyun Kim, Seung Beom Han, In Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1995;10(1):13-25. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Cytokine production was studied in thyroid fine needle aspirates and peripheral blood and the production of interferon-gamma by peripheral blood mononuclear cell(PBMC) culture in response to interleukin-2(IL-2) stimulation was also studied from patients with hyperthyroidism, non toxic goiter, thyroid nodule. The expression of glycer aldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH), interleukin-1beta(IL-1beta), IL-2, interleukin-8(IL-8), platelet- derived growth factor-A(PDGF-A) and interferon-gamma(IFN-gamma) chain was assessed by RT-PCR(reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction) in fine needle aspirates of thyroid and peripheral blood mononuclear cell : the samples were obtained from 7 patients with hyperthyroidism, 6 patients with non toxic goiter, 7 patients with thyroid nodule. A dose of IL-2(25 U/ml) was utilized to induce IFN-gamma production by PBMC from all patients.The results were as follows:1) In case of cytokine expression of fine-needle aspirates, GAPDH and IL-1beta, IL-8 were expressed highly but IFN-gamma, IL-2 were not expressed in hyperthyroidism and non-toxic goiter, thyroid nodule. PDGF-A was expressed in hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodule but not in non toxic goiter. 2) In case of cytokine expression of PBMC, GAPDH, IL-1beta were expressed in hyperthyroidism and non toxic goiter, thyroid nodule and highly expressed after IL-2 stimulation than before. But PDGF-A was more expressed in non toxic goiter and thyroid nodule than hyperthyroidism. Also, IFN-gamma was less expressed in thyroid nodule than hyperthyroidism and non toxic goiter. 3) The incremental increase in IFN-gamma value in supernatants of PBMC culture was significantly higher in patients with non toxic goiter than that in PBMC from hyperthyroidism and thyroid nodule(p<0.05).Therefore it seems that the cytokine production was found in hyperthyroidism and non toxic goiter and thyroid nodule. There were variability in their distribution each other, in general, higher expressed in hyperthyroidism than non toxic goiter. And RT-PCR Method that employed should be sufficiently sensitive to permit the analysis of cytokine gene expression in fine needle aspiration biopsies from patients with thyroid disease.

Amyloid Goiter.: Sung Rae Cho, Keun Yong Park, In Kyu Lee, Ki Lack Park, Seung Yeup Han, Young Woo Kang, Sung Bae Park, Hyun Chul Kim, Sang Pyo Kim, Kun Young Kwon; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;10(2):125-130. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Amyloidosis is a systemic disorder of unknown etiology, The pathophysiological precess is caused by deposition of amyloid fibrils in tissues of the body. Almost any organ in the body can be affected, but amyloid goiter is a very rare presentation.A definitive diagnosis of amyloidosis requires tissue examination using special stains and electron microscopy. We had recently experienced a case of 62 year-old man who was found to have amyloid goiter after thyroid surgery.The patient was admitted Keimyung University Medical Center for evaluation of rapid growing thyroid mass and lobectomy of right thyroid gland was performed.The light microscopic finding showed eosinophilic hyalinized stroma containing one thick-walled blood wessel in the hematoxyline and eosin stain. Congo-red stain on polarized light showed apple-green birefringence of amyloid in thyroid and abdominal fat tissues. Using the PAP method, nodular deposits of amyloid in the stroma and blood vessels are stained positively with anti-AA serum. Electron microscopic finding showed randomly arranged and nonbranching fibrillary rods in the stroma.

A Case of True Precocious Puberty Associated with Pituitary Microadenoma Treated with LHRH Agonist.: In Kyu Lee, Soon Woo Kim, Heung Sik Kim, Chin Moo Kang; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1994;9(3):244-250. Published online November 6, 2019

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Abstract PDF: Recently Brain CT and MRI have greatly contributed to the discovery of intracranial tumors including cysts which cause precocious puberty. Among many precocious pubetry patients that had previously been diagnosed as idopathic, a number of cases turn out the true precocious puberty caused by intracranial lesion.Authors experienced a case of true precocious puberty in a seven year old female whose vaginal bleeding appeared at age of five and she also had breast enlargement on admission. Pituitary microadenoma was found on her brain MRI and the microadenoma turned to be nonfunctional on hormonal tests.Following three does of decapety1-CR(LHRH Agonist), the vaginal bleeding was ceased and the deceleration of breast enlargement was noted. Her growth velocity was also affected but the further observation for final height would be warranted.

The incidence and causes of hypercalcemia in a hospital population.: Jeong Mo Park, Gyeong Lyae Kim, Ho Young Pyun, Sung Rae Cho, Jun Ki Yeo, Keun Yong Park, Jeong Wook Hur, In Kyu Lee; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1993;8(1):72-77. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Adrenal function in active pulmonary tuberculosis.: Jae Suk Hwang, Keun Yong Park, Seung Beom Han, In Kyu Lee, Young June Jeon; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1992;7(1):61-65. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

Therapeutic effect of suppressive therapy for solitary thyroid nodule.: Jung Mo Park, Jun Ki Yeo, Keun Yong Park, Seung Beom Han, In Kyu Lee, Seong Ku Woo; J Korean Endocr Soc. 1992;7(1):39-45. Published online January 1, 2001

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Abstract PDF: No abstract available.

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